According to Sathiamurthy (2013), SLR increases peak stage levels and modifies hydrodynamic behaviour in open seas and tidal rivers in terms of peak flow and velocity. Sea level rise (SLR) may potentially change the morphodynamics of coastal areas, marine habitats and ecosystems, infrastructure and socio-economy of the human population, due to climate change.
It is predicted that SLR increases water level, currents and oil spill spreading at open seas. At the Pulai River, the observed spill trajectory remains the same before and after SLR but in open seas, the affected oil spillage area at the anchorage zone is estimated to increase 28% after SLR compared to 2015. Currents also increase with the effect of SLR. Permanent service for mean sea level (PSMSL) analysis shows an increased water level of 0.35 m after SLR rise by year 2100. These values meet the impact evaluation assessment by the Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID), which is less than 10% for water level and less than 30% and 45° for current speed and direction, respectively. The mean absolute error (MAE) of water level is less than 3% and average difference in speed and direction of current is less than 10% and 30°, respectively. The hydrodynamic calibration and validation were in good agreement between measured and modelled values. This work presents the hydrodynamic pattern modelled for the region and prediction of oil spill spreading at Pulai River estuary and southwest Johor Strait before and after SLR phenomenon using TELEMAC-2D. Sea level rise (SLR) is a serious issue around the world that affects the hydrodynamic behaviour of river and coastal waters.
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